What Is Spina Bifida?

Spina bifida is a congenital condition that occurs when the spine and spinal cord do not develop properly during early pregnancy. This can affect movement, strength, sensation, and bladder or bowel function, depending on the level of the spinal involvement.

Spina Bifida & Hydrocephalus Association of Canada – https://www.sbhac.ca

The effects of spina bifida vary widely. Some children may walk independently, while others may use assistive devices or wheelchairs.

How Spina Bifida Can Affect Movement

Children with spina bifida may experience:

• Muscle weakness in the legs
• Reduced sensation below the level of the spine affected
• Balance or coordination challenges
• Delayed motor milestones
• Difficulty with endurance or mobility

Each child has unique strengths and needs, so care plans are individualized.

The Role of Pediatric Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy plays an important role in helping children with spina bifida develop movement skills and independence.

Goals of physiotherapy may include:

• Strengthening muscles for mobility
• Supporting balance and coordination
• Improving transfers and transitions
• Encouraging participation in daily activities
• Promoting safe and efficient movement

🔗 World Health Organization – Disability and Function
https://www.who.int/health-topics/disability

What Physiotherapy Sessions May Include

Pediatric physiotherapy is:

• Play-based and engaging
• Adapted to the child’s abilities
• Focused on real-life function

Treatment may involve:

• Strength and balance activities
• Gait training
• Practice with mobility aids or orthotics
• Parent education for home routines

Physiotherapists often work closely with:

• Pediatricians
• Orthotists
• Occupational therapists
• School teams